Ferromanganese for Steelmaking and Welding

High-carbon ferromanganese is an alloy composed of manganese and iron. It is produced by blast furnace method and electric furnace. Electric furnace high carbon ferromanganese is mainly used for steel making as deoxidizer, desulfurizer and alloy additive, in addition, with the progress of low and medium carbon ferromanganese production process, high carbon ferromanganese can also be applied to the production of low and medium carbon ferromanganese.

The production methods of high-carbon ferromanganese are blast furnace method and electric furnace production, and the characteristics of these two methods are introduced below.

Blast furnace method

High-carbon ferromanganese was firstly produced by blast furnace, which has high output and low cost, and is still widely used.

The blast furnace method is to add manganese ore, coke and lime into the blast furnace separately for smelting, and get the blast furnace ferromanganese containing 52%~76% manganese/0.4%~0.6 phosphorus. Since the only difference between blast furnace and electric furnace smelting high-carbon ferromanganese is that the heat source is different, so the furnace structure, geometry and operation method of both are different, but the principle of smelting high-carbon ferromanganese in both furnaces is the same.

However, the two furnaces use the same manganese ore smelting to make the obtained high carbon ferromanganese phosphorus content is not the same, and the blast furnace product is about 0.07%~0.11% higher than the electric furnace product. This is due to the blast furnace smelting charge composition of the coke allotment for the electric furnace smelting 5 ~ 6 accompany, so the coke has more phosphorus transfer into the alloy, and the blast furnace smelting furnace temperature is lower, thus the smelting process of phosphorus volatilization is about 10% lower than the electric furnace.

Electric Furnace Method

There are three methods of smelting high-carbon ferromanganese by electric furnace method.

No melt method. For rich manganese ore containing high manganese oxide, can use no melt method to smelt high carbon ferromanganese, smelting without lime in the charge, equipment and operation similar to ferrosilicon, and is under the condition of insufficient reducing agent using acidic slag operation, furnace chamber temperature is lower than the melt method about 1320 ~ 1400 ℃, with this method of production to obtain both qualified high carbon ferromanganese, but also to get manganese containing more than 35%, for smelting manganese alloy with Low phosphorus, low iron rich manganese slag. At this time, the distribution of manganese is as follows: into the alloy rate of 58% ~ 60%, into the slag rate of 30% ~ 32%, volatilization 10%. Obviously, smelting high-carbon ferromanganese with no melt method must use manganese-rich ore with high manganese content, and requires a rather low phosphorus content in the ore. The method although the recovery rate of manganese is low, but with manganese rich slag smelting manganese alloy can also recover most of the manganese, its total recovery rate of manganese is higher than the melt hair. The process of smelting high-carbon ferromanganese by solvent-free method is continuous, and the furnace charge is continuously added to the furnace with the melting process, and the material batch can be composed of 300kg of manganese ore, 60~70kg of coke and 15~20kg of steel scrap. When smelting high-carbon ferromanganese without solvent, the product unit electricity consumption is very low and it is easy to produce low-silicon high-carbon ferromanganese, which is because most of the silicon is enriched into the slag.

Solvent method. Solvent method is a commonly used method for smelting high-carbon ferromanganese. In addition to manganese ore and coke, there is lime in the composition of furnace charge. Smelting high carbon ferromanganese using high alkalinity slag operating alkalinity, B = 1.3 ~ 1.4, the use of sufficient reducing agent, has been to minimize the manganese content in the waste slag, improve the recovery rate of manganese. This method is used to smelt high-carbon ferromanganese with poor and rich manganese ore.

Less solvent method. This method is the operation of the so-called "weak acid slag method" between solvent method and solvent-free method. The method is to the furnace charge with the right amount of lime or limestone, the slag alkalinity m (CaO) / m (SiO2) or m (CaO + MgO) / m (SiO20) ratio control between 0.6 to 0.8, so as to improve the recovery rate of manganese, but also to get 25% to 30% manganese and the right amount of CaO slag, the slag with the smelting of silicon-manganese alloy in the furnace charge, can save Lime, and can reduce the amount of lime dampness and increase the amount of dust of the charge, thus improving the permeability of the charge.

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