Si-Ca Calcium Silicon

Silicon-calcium alloy is a composite alloy composed of elemental silicon, calcium and iron, which is a more ideal compound deoxidizer and desulfurizer. It is widely used in the production of high quality steel, low carbon steel, stainless steel and special alloys such as nickel-based alloys and titanium-based alloys; it is also suitable as a warming agent for the converter steel workshop; it can also be used as a breeding agent for cast iron and an additive in the production of ductile iron.

Calcium and silicon have strong affinity with oxygen, especially calcium, which has strong affinity not only with oxygen, but also with sulfur and nitrogen, so calcium-silicon alloy is a kind of ideal compounding agent for oxygen and desulfurization. Silicon alloy is not only strong deoxidation ability, deoxidation products are easy to float, easy to discharge, but also can improve the performance of steel, improve the plasticity, impact toughness and fluidity of steel. Currently calcium silica alloy can replace aluminum for final deoxidation. Is used in the production of high-quality steel, special steel and special alloys, such as steel rail steel, low carbon steel, stainless steel and other steel grades and nickel-based alloys, titanium-based alloys and other special alloys, can be used as calcium silica alloy deoxidizer. Calcium silica alloys are also suitable for the converter steel workshop with a warming agent, calcium silica alloys can also be used as cast iron inoculants and additives in the production of ductile iron.

Calcium is an alkaline earth metal with an atomic weight of 40.08, an outer electron structure of 4S2, a density (20°C) of 1.55g/cm3, a melting point of 839sh2°C, and a boiling point of 1484°C. The vapor pressure of calcium versus temperature is given by

lnpCa=25.7691-20283.9T-1-1.0216lnT

Where pCa is the vapor pressure of calcium, Pa; T is the temperature, K. Silicon and calcium produce three compounds, CaSi, Ca2Si and CaSi2. CaSi(41.2%Si) is stable at high temperatures. Ca2Si(29.5%Si) is an inclusion compound generated between Ca and CaSi at temperatures below 910°C. CaSi2(58.36%Si) is CaSi2(58.36%Si) is a pericrystalline compound generated between CaSi and Si at temperatures below 1020°C. The phase composition of industrially produced silica-calcium alloys is about 77% CaSi2, 5%-15% CaSi, <20% Si free, and <8% SiC. The density of silica-calcium alloy containing Ca 30% to 33% and Fe about 5% is about 2.2g/cm3 and the melting temperature range is 980 to 1200°C.

It is generally believed that the chemical reaction expression of smelting calcium silicate alloy is CaO+SiO2+3C→CaSi+3CO↑

However, at high temperature lime and silica firstly form slag of calcium silicate system with low melting point, which makes it difficult to carry out carbon reduction reaction. The boiling point of calcium is low, easy to volatilize to produce calcium vapor. And SiO2 is reduced to SiO (gas), so the gas discharged from the furnace is CO, Ca (gas) and SiO (gas). The loss of calcium and silicon in the furnace gas is about 10% each. SiO(gas) and Ca(gas) react with carbon when they pass through the material layer, and most of them are converted into CaC2 and SiC, so the reactivity of carbon reducing agent is important for smelting silica-calcium alloy. Calcium oxide and silica with carbon at high temperature to produce CaC2 and SiC, is the intermediate product for the production of silica-calcium alloy. ***A part of it remains in the slag, so the production of silicon-calcium alloys is a slag smelting method. Substantially industrial production of silica-calcium alloy is achieved by using CaC2 as a transition product. The density of silica-calcium alloy is slightly smaller than the slag, the smelting process silica-calcium alloy is basically concentrated in the upper part of the melt pool, which is a characteristic of smelting silica-calcium alloy. Out of the furnace to take special measures to make it separate from the slag. According to the above analysis, there are three kinds of silicon-calcium alloy smelting process with electric carbon heat (reduction) method, namely mixed charging method, layered charging method and calcium carbide method. Electric silicon heat (reduction) method is also one of the methods to produce silicon-calcium alloy.

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